Returns: Reference to copy of p1 stored by the constructor, or, if none, an empty path. Returns: Reference to copy of p2 stored by the constructor, or, if none, an empty path. The exact format is unspecified. Implementations are encouraged but not required to include path1. This enum specifies bitmask constants uses to identify file permissions. Windows: All permissions except write are currently ignored. There is only a single write permission; setting write permission for owner, group, or others sets write permission for all, and removing write permission for owner, group, or others removes write permission for all.
Meaningless on Windows as permissions never resolves symlinks. Get over it. Caching such status information can result is significant time savings. Cached and non-cached results may differ in the presence of file system races. Actual cold-boot timing of iteration over a directory with 15, entries was six seconds for non-cached status queries versus one second for cached status queries.
Windows XP, 3. Similar speedups are expected on Linux and BSD-derived systems that provide status as a by-product of directory iteration. If the end of the directory elements is reached, the iterator shall become equal to the end iterator value. Directory iteration shall not yield directory entries for the current dot and parent dot dot directories.
It could be a symbolic link to a non-existent file. Programs recursively walking directory trees for purposes of removing and renaming entries may wish to avoid following symbolic links. Effects: Constructs an iterator representing the first entry in the directory p resolves to, if any; otherwise, the end iterator.
In case of error the iterator is left in the end state. Operational functions access a file by resolving an object of class path to a particular file in a file hierarchy.
See Error reporting. Returns: A absolute path composed according to the following table. Overview: Converts p , which must exist, to an absolute path that has no symbolic link, dot , or dot-dot elements. Returns: A canonical path that refers to the same file system object as absolute p, base. Then, report an error if:!
Otherwise, return. Otherwise, for all unsupported file types of f report error. Effects: Creates directory to , with attributes copied from directory from. The set of attributes copied is operating system dependent. Effects: Report an error if:! Returns: true if the file was copied without error, otherwise false. Another process may create or modify the file identified by to after the file modification times have been checked but before copying starts.
In this case the target file will be overwritten. Any delayed write operations may fail after the function returns, at the point of physically writing the data to the underlying media, and this error will not be reported to the caller.
Returns: true if a new directory was created, otherwise false. Overloads with existing argument obtain mode from existing , which must be a path to an existing directory. On Windows, CreateDirectoryW p. Creation failure because p resolves to an existing directory shall not be treated as an error.
Some file systems do not support symbolic links regardless of the operating system - the FAT file system used on memory cards and flash drives, for example. Some file systems do not support hard links regardless of the operating system - the FAT file system used on memory cards and flash drives, for example. Some file systems limit the number of links per file. Some file systems do not support symbolic links regardless of the operating system - the FAT system used on memory cards and flash drives, for example.
The current path as returned by many operating systems is a dangerous global variable. It may be changed unexpectedly by a third-party or system library functions, or by another thread. Returns: exists status p or exists status p, ec , respectively. Two paths are considered to resolve to the same file system entity if two candidate entities reside on the same device at the same location. Throws: For the first call, as specified in Error reporting. Subsequent calls throw nothing.
Effects: Sets ec as if by status p, ec. To distinguish between cases, call the status function directly. The effective permission bits are determined as specified by the following table. Returns: If p resolves to a symbolic link, a path object containing the contents of that symbolic link. Otherwise an empty path object. Throws: As specified in Error reporting. Resolves symlinks and normalizes both p and base before other processing.
The second form returns path if an error occurs. Returns: false if p did not exist, otherwise true. A symbolic link is itself renamed, rather than the file it resolves to being renamed. Any members for which the value cannot be determined shall be set to These distinctions are important to some use cases. Remarks: If a symbolic link is encountered during pathname resolution, pathname resolution continues using the contents of the symbolic link.
Effects: Composes an absolute path from p , using the same rules used by the operating system to resolve a path passed as the filename argument to standard library open functions.
Postcondition: For the returned path, rp , rp. Otherwise it acts like absolute p, kinky , where kinky is the current directory for the p. This will be the current directory of that drive the last time it was set, and thus may be residue left over from a prior program run by the command processor! Although these semantics are often useful, they are also very error-prone. Returns: A directory path suitable for temporary files under the conventions of the operating system.
The specifics of how this path is determined are implementation defined. An error shall be reported if! The name is based on a model that uses the percent sign character to specify replacement by a random hexadecimal digit.
Each replacement hexadecimal digit in the model adds four bits of randomness. The default model thus provides 64 bits of randomness.
This is sufficient for most applications. Returns: A path identical to model , except that each occurrence of a percent sign character is replaced by a random hexadecimal digit character in the range , a-f. Remarks: Implementations are encouraged to obtain the required randomness via a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator , such as one provided by the operating system.
Effects: Let head be the path composed of the leading elements of p that exist and tail — from the rest of p. The result is then normalized and returned. Uses the status function to determine existence. Remarks: Implementations are encouraged to avoid unnecessary normalization such as when canonical has already been called on the entirety of p.
These replacement classes publicly inherit from the standard library classes. In the Boost. There are no other differences in syntax or semantics. I first used this: std::ifstream in name. Now I'm using this: if! The same is true for this: if! Improve this question. Frank Frank Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. It is also a symlink. Improve this answer. Etherealone Etherealone 3, 2 2 gold badges 30 30 silver badges 56 56 bronze badges.
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